A Novel Combination of Chinese Medicines to Treat Advanced Cancers and Lymphomas
A Novel Combination of Chinese Medicines to Treat Advanced Cancers and Lymphomas In this recent study three common Chinese anti-cancer herbs were used in animals to determine toxicity and only at extremely high doses of 3000mg per kilo of body weight was any side effects seen.
Chinese medicine often targets more than one system and as such comprises several compounds, often in non-purified form, with treatments therefore consisting of whole extracts of herbs rather than isolated compounds. The additive and synergistic effects of a novel mixture of extracts from three commonly used Chinese medicine components; Ganoderma lucidum (ling zhi), Salvia miltiorrhiza (dan shen) and Scutellaria barbata (ban zhi lian), were previously demonstrated to have potent anti-cancer activity. This study was aimed to test whether this heterogeneous, multifunctional and multitargeted agent has an acceptable toxicity profile.
Tests were conducted to determine whether preliminary and formal preclinical tolerability determination of the combination in Sprague-Dawley rats. In the preliminary study rats were given the herbs by oral feeding daily for 14 days at doses of 1000mg/kg, 1750mg/kg, 2500mg/kg or 3000mg/kg per day. A subsequent daily dosing (x 28, 60, 120 or 180) formal toxicology study was conducted in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats at a dose of single dose of 2000mg/kg/day.
Significant body weight loss was noted in one of the rats treated at 3000mg/kg/day, with decline beginning study day 11. This animal experienced mild GI toxicity in the form of diarrhoea. Gross observation indicated kidney damage (pale kidneys) in both this group and in one rat treated at 2500mg/kg/day. For the later studies, no body weight loss was noted over the course of the study. Blood counts and chemistry were not substantially altered following administration of this combination, nor were there any findings on histological assessment of organs.
The formulation was found to be well tolerated in rat models and it did not cause any microscopic, anatomic or pathologic changes in exposed animals at the concentrations and under the conditions employed in this study.
Waterhouse DN. A novel combination of Chinese medicines to treat advanced cancers and lymphomas tested in rats. Chinese Medicine. 2009 Nov 27;4(1):22. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19943929
Breast cancer surgery
According to a study from the United States, “Breast cancer relapse and death occur more often and sooner among young pre-menopausal women. Breast cancer resected during luteal phase cures about a quarter more women than if the operation is performed during follicular phase.”
Breast cancer relapse and death occur more often and sooner among young pre-menopausal women. Breast cancer resected during luteal phase cures about a quarter more women than if the operation is performed during follicular phase. We have identified candidate breast cancer gene signatures that may point to the potential mechanisms of cycle stage-dependent surgical cure. We performed whole murine genome microarrays on mammary tumours resected during pre-ovulatory (diestrus, follicular) and post-ovulatory (oestrus, luteal) phases of the oestrous cycle with known post-surgical cure or relapse (pulmonary metastasis) outcome. A set of genes whose expressions are differentially modulated by fertility cycle stage of tumour resection and also associate with prognosis were identified. These identified genes were validated by qRT-PCR. From two independent microarray studies, we identified 90 genes in mammary tumours whose expressions change significantly (up to 100-fold) across the oestrous cycle, 69 genes that are associated with cure/relapse independent of cycle stage at resection, and 24 genes that change significantly (up to 12-fold) across the oestrous cycle and also associate with the outcome. The mRNA expression patterns of these 24 identified genes were 100% validated by qRT-PCR in the same samples. We have identified candidate breast cancer genes and pathways that may point to the potential mechanisms by which the post-resection breast cancer outcome is influenced by the menstrual cycle phase of cancer resection. Since human breast cancer outcome is influenced by the menstrual cycle phase of breast cancer resection, we consider this study in a mouse breast cancer model to be a proof of principle that such signatures may well exist in human premenopausal breast cancer. It remains to be determined in human breast cancer whether woman to woman and/or tumour to tumour variability will mask cycle phase dependent and outcome predictive genomic signatures in human premenopausal breast cancer. The pathways identified by these studies are potential targets for the development of peri-surgical neoadjuvant therapies, which may delay or prevent relapse by preventing dormant micrometastatic tumour cells from escaping that dormant state post-operatively.
Oh E-Y, Wood PA, Yang Xm, & Hrushesky WJM. Discovery of candidate genes and pathways that may help explain fertility cycle stage dependent post-resection breast cancer outcome. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 2009;118(2):345-359. doi:10.1007/s10549-008-0253-5)
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